Postoperative complications of videolaparoscopic colorectal surgery in patients with oncological pathologies: Experience at the Social Security Institute - Ingavi, from April 2022 to December 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Colon cancer is the most frequent malignancy
of the digestive tract. Its primary treatment consists of surgical
resection, with laparoscopic surgery currently recommended
due to its association with shorter hospital stays and reduced
healthcare costs. Objective: To describe the postoperative
complications observed in laparoscopic colorectal surgeries
performed on patients with oncological conditions at the
Instituto de Previsión Social – INGAVI between April 2022
and December 2024. Materials and Methods: This was an
observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study.
Patients over 18 years of age with a histopathological diagnosis
of colon or rectal cancer who underwent elective surgery during
the study period were included. Results: A total of 85 patients
were included, 47 of whom were female, with a mean age of 65.6
years. Ten patients presented postoperative complications, with
anastomotic dehiscence being the most frequent. Conclusion:
Laparoscopic colorectal surgery is considered a safe technique.
In this study, the overall complication rate was 11.7%, with
anastomotic dehiscence being the most frequent complication,
higher than reported worldwide. The occurrence of complications
was associated with a significant increase in hospital stay, from
7.8 to 21.5 days.