Complications of videolaparoscopic cholecistectomies in adults in the general surgery service of the Hospital Nacional – Itauguá

Abstract

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy as the treatment of choice for gallstones has been universally accepted, however it is not without risks and complications, which may vary in relation to the surgical technique. Objective: To determine the most frequent complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomies in adults in the general surgery service of the Hospital Nacional de Itaugúa, in the period 2018-2019. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 129 patients of both sexes, who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomies and who developed intra- and post-surgical complications. Results: Complications occur more frequent in women than in men (approx. 4:1). A higher frequency of complications was observed in patients with overweight (40%) and normal weight (36%). There was a slight increase in complications when laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in
a resident compared to the chief (58% vs 42%). Remarkably, patients with previous surgeries have twice as many complications as patients without surgeries. Hospital stay when intraoperative complications occur ranges from 1-30 days, and the most frequent were gallbladder perforation (40%) and gallbladder bed bleeding, while when postoperative complications are seen, the stay increases to 31-40 days, being the most predominantly postoperative collections and choledocholithiasis. Conclusion: laparoscopic cholecystectomy in women develops more complications, perhaps by presenting a higher proportion in the universe they represent. Intraoperative complications increase hospital stay, but not as much as postoperative complications. Residents have a slightly higher complication rate than specialist surgeons.